Know the Risk Factors for Gum Disease

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is one of the most common oral health conditions among adults. It begins with gingivitis—mild inflammation of the gums—and can progress to periodontitis, which can damage the bone that supports your teeth. While gum disease is preventable with good oral care, certain factors can increase your risk of developing it. Understanding these risk factors is an important step in protecting your smile.

Poor Oral Hygiene

The leading cause of gum disease is inadequate brushing and flossing. When plaque builds up on the teeth and along the gumline, it hardens into tartar and harbors harmful bacteria. Over time, this bacteria irritates and inflames the gums, leading to gum disease. Brushing twice daily and flossing once a day remain the best defenses.

Smoking and Tobacco Use

Tobacco use is one of the strongest risk factors for gum disease. Smoking decreases blood flow to the gums, making it harder for the body to fight off infection. Smokers are not only more likely to develop gum disease but also less likely to respond well to treatment. Chewing tobacco can be equally harmful to gum health, creating an environment where bacteria thrive.

Genetics

Your genes may also play a role in gum disease. Research suggests that up to 30% of people may have a genetic predisposition to developing periodontal disease, even if they maintain good oral hygiene habits. If gum disease runs in your family, regular dental checkups are especially important so that early signs can be detected and managed.

Age

The risk of gum disease increases with age. Studies show that adults over the age of 65 have higher rates of periodontitis compared to younger individuals. This may be due to a combination of factors, including long-term plaque exposure, weakened immune systems, and chronic health conditions.

Medical Conditions

Certain health problems can increase your susceptibility to gum disease. For example, diabetes reduces the body’s ability to fight infection and makes the gums more vulnerable. Heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and conditions that compromise the immune system can also raise your risk. Maintaining control of these conditions with your physician can support better gum health.

Medications

Some prescription medications—such as those for blood pressure, depression, or seizures—can reduce saliva flow or cause gum overgrowth. Since saliva helps wash away bacteria, dry mouth creates a higher risk of gum disease. If you take medications that affect your oral health, your dentist may suggest strategies like drinking more water or using special rinses to protect your gums.

Stress

Chronic stress doesn’t just affect your mental well-being; it also impacts your immune system. High stress levels make it harder for the body to fight off infections, including those in the gums. Managing stress through healthy habits like exercise, meditation, and adequate sleep may lower your risk.

Nutrition

A diet lacking in key nutrients, especially vitamin C, can compromise gum health. Poor nutrition weakens the body’s defenses, making it easier for infections like gum disease to develop and spread. Eating a balanced diet supports strong gums and teeth.

Gum disease has many risk factors, but being aware of them allows you to take proactive steps toward prevention.

About the Practice

Dr. Franco Cordini specializes in diagnosing and treating gum disease with advanced periodontal therapies. We take an empathetic, knowledgeable approach to oral health. You can count on our team when it comes to delivering personalized care and protecting smiles.

Call us at (502) 425-5010 or request an appointment online.